Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) are among the popular birth control women use worldwide. They are small, T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. However, not all IUDs are created equal. This post will delve into the types of IUDs – how they work, how long they last, their side effects, and their advantages and disadvantages. Whether considering an IUD or interested in switching to a new type, this guide will provide the information to make an informed decision about the types of IUDs for reproductive health. 

The Key Difference between Copper and Hormonal IUD

The major difference between copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs as birth control is that Copper IUDs don’t contain hormones, while hormonal IUDs do. Copper IUDs release copper into the uterus, which prevents fertilisation by immobilising sperm and inhibiting their ability to reach the egg. They are considered non-hormonal birth control. On the other hand, hormonal IUDs release that thickens cervical mucus and thins the uterus lining.

What Are Copper Intrauterine Devices?

Copper IUDs work to prevent pregnancy by releasing copper ions.

What Are They Made Of?

Copper IUDs are made of plastic, with a coating of copper wire or tubing around the stem. The copper is wrapped around the stem in a specific way that ensures a controlled release of copper ions over time.

How Do They Actually Work?

When the Copper IUD is inserted into the uterus, the copper ions are released slowly over time. These ions work to prevent pregnancy in a few different ways. First, they can interfere with the movement of sperm, making it difficult for them to reach and fertilise an egg. The copper ions can also change the composition of cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to enter the uterus.

How Long Do They Last?

A copper IUD can last ten years. It makes them a convenient option for women who want to avoid the hassle of taking daily birth control pills or using other contraceptives.

What Are the Possible Side Effects?

Like any form of birth control, Copper IUDs can have side effects. These can include heavier periods, cramping, and spotting between periods. In rare cases, the IUD can dislodge or perforate the uterus, which may require removal.

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages?

One advantage of Copper IUDs is their long lifespan. Additionally, they do not contain hormones, making them a good option for women who cannot or prefer not to use hormonal birth control. 

However, the side effects of Copper IUDs can be a disadvantage for some women, and they may not be a good option for those with certain medical conditions or a history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Additionally, Copper IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections, so women should still use condoms or other forms of protection as needed.

What Are Hormonal Intrauterine Devices?

Hormonal IUDs release an amount of progestin that thickens the cervical mucus and thinning the lining of the uterus.

What Are They Made Of?

Hormonal IUDs are typically made of a small, T-shaped plastic device containing a progestin hormone reservoir. The plastic may include barium sulfate, which helps doctors check the placement of the device using an X-ray.

How Do They Actually Work?

The progestin hormone released by hormonal IUDs thickens the cervical mucus for sperm to hardly reach the egg. It also thins the uterus lining, making it less able to fertilise eggs. Hormonal IUDs do not contain estrogen, like other birth control types.

How Long Do They Last?

Hormonal IUDs can last several years. Some can last up to 3-6 years, while others can remain effective for up to 7 years. The time a given device lasts depends on its specific design.

What Are the Possible Side Effects?

Some possible side effects of hormonal IUDs include irregular bleeding, cramping, headaches, nausea, and acne. In rare cases, the device can also perforate the uterus or become embedded in the uterine wall. These risks are generally low, but discussing them with a healthcare provider before choosing a hormonal IUD is important.

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages?

The advantages of hormonal IUDs include long-lasting contraception, high effectiveness rates, and convenience. Once implanted, the device can remain in place for several years without needing daily attention. 

However, some disadvantages may include uncomfortable insertion, risks of side effects, and the need for a healthcare provider to insert and remove the device. Hormonal IUDs are not recommended for women at high risk of STIs, as they do not offer any protection. Ultimately, the decision to use hormonal IUDs as birth control should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider.

Final Thoughts: Choosing the Right IUD

The decision to use an IUD for birth control requires careful consideration. Knowing all about the IUD types can be important in making this decision. Ultimately, it is important to remember that IUDs have been a major form of contraception for over 50 years and have a proven safety and efficacy track record. Of course, as with any medical procedure or medication, it is best to consult a doctor before making any decision. With knowledge about the types of IUDs available today, women can make an informed choice when selecting the best birth control option.